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BEEM: Biological Emergence-based Evolutionary Mechanism: How Species Direct Their Own Evolution, by Raju Pookottil
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In BEEM, author and engineer Raju Pookottil boldly diverges from the Darwinian theory of natural selection and offers a thought provoking counter-hypothesis for the evolution of all living organisms. He proposes that every species, be it single cells, plants or animals, are equipped with the fundamental mechanisms that allows them to generate intelligent and logical decisions that they could then utilize in directing their own evolution. Whereas natural selection depends on random mutations followed by selection, Pookottil argues that species are capable of deciding how to logically construct themselves to near perfection over many generations, making modifications to their own genes where necessary.
The principles of emergence, swarm intelligence and signal networks, which he proposes are available to all living organisms, could in fact be the real forces that cleverly and logically drive the evolution of every species on earth. Our brains work by exploiting these very same principles. It is proposed that the complex signal networks that exist between the millions of protein molecules in a cell, or the billions of cells that make up larger organisms, are also capable of generating intelligent solutions, albeit at a slower pace.
The hypothesis also argues that species are in control of their own genomes and that they are able to engineer their genetic codes where necessary in order to incorporate 'design modifications'. Thus, species meaningfully assess their environment, create ingenious solutions, and crucially, pass them on to subsequent generations. Using observable examples, BEEM builds up a strong case supporting these arguments.
- Sales Rank: #1603064 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-05-01
- Released on: 2013-05-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
From the Author
Do we really need a new hypothesis on how evolution works? Ever since Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution by natural selection, the topic has attracted endless debates. Prior to Darwin's proposal of natural selection, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck had proposed his theory of evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics, generally known as Lamarckism. But Darwinism later became the preferred mechanism to Lamarckism (although recent years have seen a surge of interest in improvised versions of the concept, known as neo-Lamarckism). The battle has now shifted to the evolution vs. creationism debate, with creationists often pushing their ideas under the guise of intelligent design.
While enough evidence has accumulated to demonstrate that the theory of evolution has been proven beyond sensible debate, the scope of action by natural selection in driving evolution is debatable. Human evolution, for example, has proceeded around 100 times faster in the last 10,000 years than it had ever before. How could that have happened when this is a period when natural selection's effect on us has actually reduced considerably? Proof for natural selection in action is also rare and mostly restricted to microbes.
Although the majority of evolutionary biologists accept automatically that natural selection satisfactorily explains evolution, a sizable minority of scientists (without any religious agenda) believe that the story is far from over. For example, scientists such as James A. Shapiro explains in his 2011 book that cells are packed with molecular mechanisms that help them actively restructure their genomes. Random mutations are fairly rare and almost always deteriorate what is already working well. Cells constantly and purposefully reorganize and engineer their genomes to suit specific needs. Shapiro calls this process 'natural genetic engineering'. The rapidly emerging field of epigenetics and systems biology are also moving molecular biology away from a gene-centric view of evolution.
What would stop a species from designing itself over time and driving its own evolution? Firstly, it has to be able to make informed decisions on how to modify itself. For example, pandas (the species as a whole) should be able to decide on the ideal position for a new thumb. Secondly, considering that it can, it has to be able to do two things. Communicate any such design parameters to the germ-line cells (the sperm and egg in animals) and based on these parameters, make any necessary modifications to the genome. Using many examples, BEEM demonstrates that every species is capable of performing all these actions.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Very,Very Important Work
By Larry
I have an extensive scientific background and I can tell you that this is an incredibly important book. Essentially, the author brings together an increasing body of research that indicates that cells have the "intelligence" needed (probably through networks of chemical reactions that form the equivalent of neural networks) to direct their own evolution. So there is a good argument for "intelligent design" but not by a supernatural entity.
This insight, in my estimation, answers a lot of the unsolved dilemmas regarding the mechanism of evolution. Classic natural selection may be only a fine-tuning mechanism. I feel badly that nobody appears to be aware of this book and I am the first to review it. I have recommended it to some scientifically oriented friends and they have been very impressed.
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